Watch FilmoFlix. After the defeat of 1940, and faced with the unexpected collapse of French power, all eyes turned to a horizon of both hope and uncertainty: the colonies. France had suddenly become an empire without a metropolis, reduced to two-thirds of its former size. Pétain saw the colonies as a "consoling myth" after the defeat, while de Gaulle considered them essential strategic locations for the Resistance. The two clashed in a propaganda war.